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Determinants of Crime in Eastern Europe with a Focus on Czechia and Slovakia
Umlaufová, Anna ; Kalabiška, Roman (advisor) ; Schwarz, Jiří (referee)
This study examines whether determinants of crime, hypothesized in the eco- nomic theory of crime and tested in other global regions, also explain crime rates in Eastern Europe, which is often excluded in existing research. Using fixed effects estimation and controlling for social cohesion and law enforcement, the results suggest that increases in income per capita have a negative effect on homicide and violent crime, but the effect on sexual and property crimes is mixed. Furthermore, the significance and sign of the impact of income in- equality and unemployment differ across individual crimes. This study also investigates crime determinants specifically in Czechia and Slovakia. Contrary to the cross-country analysis, there appears to be little connection between aggregate income and the regional distribution of crime, indicating the impor- tance of social rather than economic factors. JEL Classification K42, O15, O52, P20, C23 Keywords Crime, Income distribution, Eastern Europe, Panel Data, Czechia, Slovakia Title Determinants of Crime in Eastern Europe with a Focus on Czechia and Slovakia
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Effect of growing openness of Turkish economy on income distribution
Daněk, Jakub ; Jiránková, Martina (advisor) ; Kačírková, Eliška (referee)
Turkey is a country that in the last three decades has undergone significant changes and developments leading to greater openness of the economy. It is also a member of OECD exhibiting one of the highest levels of inequality of income distribution. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between the openness of the Turkish economy and the distribution of income and verify whether this relationship develops analogously to the Kuznets curve. First, this paper deals with political and economic developments in Turkey between 1980 and 2012. Then, I approach the problem of inequality of income distribution and using the Gini index quantify and comment the income inequality. The final part is devoted to examining the relationship of openness of the economy and inequality of income distribution and verifies the assumption of an analogy to the Kuznets curve.
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Nerovnost v Chile: ekonomické, politické a sociální dopady
Seifertová, Zuzana ; Gutiérrez Chvalkovská, Jana (advisor) ; Hidalgo Redondo, Oscar (referee)
Chile is one the most developed countries in Latin America with stable market-oriented economy and sustainable economic growth, becoming the first South American country to join the OECD. Nevertheless, it is also the country with the highest inequality of income in the OECD and one of the most unequal countries in the world. The biggest challenge for the next decade seems to be the reduction of inequalities and poverty. To achieve these goals, Chile needs to implement better policy in the area of production, innovations, finances, but also health and education. The thesis examines the development of inequality in Chile, its current situation and the impacts of inequality on the society, focusing on the problematic areas such as education and health. Additionally, it presents possible solutions and recommendations for Chile to reduce the high level of inequalities, including the external help. The main resources used for the analysis are the information published by the World Bank, OECD or European Commission and complemented with statistics and reports of Chilean government.
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